I guess the top Custom Filter needs an additional Family Rule for that last ‘2 or more children’ parameter:
Family with <count> of child
whereNumber of instances:="1";Number must be:="greater than"
(I know you were aware of that. Just including for future readers of the discussion.)
custom_filters.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<filters>
<object type="Family">
<filter name="Both parents missing" function="and" comment="Family container where multiple siblings are known but parents are not.">
<rule class="MatchesFilter" use_regex="False" use_case="False">
<arg value="Father missing"/>
</rule>
<rule class="MatchesFilter" use_regex="False" use_case="False">
<arg value="Mother missing"/>
</rule>
<rule class="HasNumChild" use_regex="False" use_case="False">
<arg value="1"/>
<arg value="greater than"/>
</rule>
</filter>
<filter name="Father missing" function="and" invert="1" comment="(Invert RegEx for any Father ID)">
<rule class="FatherHasIdOf" use_regex="True" use_case="False">
<arg value="."/>
</rule>
</filter>
<filter name="Mother missing" function="and" invert="1" comment="(Invert RegEx for any Mother ID)">
<rule class="MotherHasIdOf" use_regex="True" use_case="False">
<arg value="."/>
</rule>
</filter>
</object>
</filters>